Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: According to guidelines, to predict early signs of micro-vascular complications in patients with diabetes, regular foot examination and perform regular investigations which include HbA1c, urea and electrolytes (U+Es), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and lipid profile.Methods: During February 2017, consecutive patient medical notes were collected from a weekly general diabetic clinic. Using the patient notes ...

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that maintains systemic calcium homeostasis by detecting alterations in extracellular calcium, which it transduces into signalling changes, mainly via the Gq/11 pathway, leading to a decrease in PTH secretion. The importance of CaSR is highlighted by studies of patients that harbour germline CaSR mutations, which lead to a gain of receptor function in autosomal dominant...

Introduction: According to guidelines, to predict early signs of micro-vascular complications in patients with diabetes, regular foot examination and perform regular investigations which include HbA1c, urea and electrolytes (U+Es), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) and lipid profile.Methods: During February 2017, consecutive patient medical notes were collected from a weekly general diabetic clinic. Using the patient notes ...

Background: Disrupted thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis has devastating effects on human neurodevelopment. THs are critical signaling molecules in neurodevelopment, acting on differentiation of neural cells, migration, synaptogenesis and myelination, with deiodinases governing intracellular TH concentrations in a spatiotemporal manner. It is remarkable that fetal neural cells, while being key target cells of TH, exhibit strong activity of the TH inactivating enzyme DIO3. Curren...

28 years old woman has presented to the Armenian-American Wellness Center complaining of muscular weakness, fatigue, palpitation, dysphagia, dry skin and hair fall. The patient was visited by the endocrinologist and referred to the following tests: ultrasound of the thyroid gland, blood test for TSH, FT4 and anti-TPO.Results: Diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with diffuse heterogeneous echotexture and the presence of hypoechoic micronodules. In the left l...

Background: HLA-DRB1*04 is one of the MHC alleles which is associated with several autoimmune endocrinopathies, including autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD). The two versions of the gene which encodes the main target of the autoimmune attack in AAD, steroid 21-hydroxylase, are encoded in a gene cluster, called RCCX module, which is a copy number variation located in the MHC class III locus. Previous data from our group showed that AAD patients are more likely to have no c...

Background: Cystic Fibrosis-related bone disease (CFBD) increases morbidity and mortality. Treatment varies across UK CF centres. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is used for bone mineral density (BMD) evaluation: CFBD is diagnosed when Z-score<-2. European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) criteria for prescribing bisphosphonates:1. Presence of low-trauma fracture 2. Lumbar spine/ total hip/femoral neck Z-score <-2 and significant bone loss ...

Introduction: Iodine deficiency is a significant global health issue of various severity depending on the age of the deficiency. The foetal period is the most critical stage in life, negatively impacting the brain and neurodevelopment. Hence, the developing foetus is a crucial issue, and the present study focussed on iodine nutrition among pregnant women from the Faroe Islands. The need for iodine increases in pregnancy, and the recommended target for median urinary iodine con...

The neonatal immune system is not fully developed, making neonates more susceptible to early-life infection. Early-life activation of the immune system has lasting implications for health and disease. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that modulate the immune response and increase in response to immune activation. GCs are produced by the adrenal glands and also by lymphoid organs (e.g., bone marrow, thymus, spleen). In neonatal mice, GC levels increase acutely in bloo...

Background: Individuals with adrenal insufficiency (AI) receive life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy (CGRT), which often exceeds normal daily physiological GC production, leading to detrimental effects on cardiometabolic parameters and bone health.Objective: Assessment of glucose, lipid and bone metabolism in AI postmenopausal patients in relation to the cause of AI and the CGRT dose.Methods: 114 AI postmenopausal wome...